Ukuqonda iThalassemia: Isikhokelo esipheleleyo kwiifom zeAlfa kunye neBeta
I-Thalassemia, isifo segazi esibangelwa lufuzo, sisifo esichaphazela izigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezifana neMeditera, uMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, kunye neendawo zaseTshayina. Nangona uninzi lwabantu luqhelene ne-beta-thalassemia, esi sifo siza ngeentlobo ezimbini eziphambili: i-alpha-thalassemia kunye ne-beta-thalassemia. Zombini zinezizathu ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu, kwaye ukuqonda la mahluko kubalulekile ekuxilongweni nasekunyangweni okusebenzayo.
Yintoni iThalassemia?
I-Thalassemia sisifo segazi esidluliselwa kwilifa apho umzimba uvelisa uhlobo olungaqhelekanga lwe-hemoglobin, nto leyo ebangela ukutshatyalaliswa okugqithisileyo kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kwaye ikhokelele kwi-anemia. Iindidi ezimbini eziphambili, i-alpha-thalassemia kunye ne-beta-thalassemia, zibangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ezinoxanduva lokuvelisa iproteni ye-hemoglobin.
Ukuxhaphaka kweThalassemia
Nangona i-thalassemia yayixhaphake kakhulu kumazwe aseMeditera, esi sifo ngoku sisasazeke kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, eTshayina, izifundo zibonisa ukuba inxalenye enkulu yabemi kwimimandla efana neGuangdong ineempawu zemfuza ze-thalassemia, ezinye izifundo zibonisa izinga lokuthwala elifikelela kwi-11%.
I-Alpha kunye ne-Beta Thalassemia: Yintoni umahluko?
Nangona zombini ezi ntlobo zichaphazela ukuveliswa kwe-hemoglobin, ii-genes ezibandakanyekayo kunye neempawu zeklinikhi zahlukile:
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I-Alpha-Thalassemia: Olu hlobo lubandakanya ukungabikho kwe-alpha-globin chains ye-hemoglobin. Ukuba umntu ufumana i-gene enye engaqhelekanga, unokuba nefomu elithambileyo elaziwa ngokuba yi-"silent carrier" engenazo iimpawu. Nge-gene ezimbini ezingaqhelekanga, izigulana zinokuba ne-alpha-thalassemia major, enokubangela i-anemia ephakathi ukuya kweyona inzima. Ukuba umntwana ufumana i-alpha gene ezine ezineempazamo, isiphumo sinokubulala, okuhlala kukhokelela ekuzalweni okufileyo okanye ekufeni emva nje kokuzalwa.
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I-Beta-Thalassemia: Njenge-alpha-thalassemia kodwa ibandakanya ii-beta-globin chains, i-beta-thalassemia idla ngokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezintathu: ezincinci, eziphakathi, kunye nezinkulu. Kwiimeko ezinzima, ezaziwa ngokuba yi-beta-thalassemia enkulu, abantwana badla ngokubonisa iimpawu kunyaka wokuqala wobomi, kubandakanya ukungaphumeleli ukukhula, ukutya okungalunganga, kunye nokulibaziseka kokukhula. Ngaphandle konyango, olu hlobo lunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu, kubandakanya nokonakala kwamalungu omzimba.
Iimpawu zeThalassemia
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I-Alpha-Thalassemia: Izigulana ezinezakhi zofuzo ezimbini ezingaqhelekanga zinokufumana i-anemia encinci eneempawu ezifana nokudinwa, ukuphaphatheka, kunye nokukhula kancinci kwepleen kunye nesibindi. Ngezakhi zofuzo ezintathu ezineempazamo (isifo se-HbH), abantu banokufumana i-anemia ecacileyo, ngelixa abo banezakhi zofuzo ezine ezineempazamo bejongene neengxaki ezinzima nezisongela ubomi ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye emva nje kokuzalwa.
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I-Beta-Thalassemia: I-Beta-thalassemia major iphawulwa yi-anemia enzima eqala malunga neenyanga ezi-3-6 ubudala, kunye neempawu eziquka ulusu olukhanyayo, ukudinwa, ukwanda kwesibindi kunye ne-spleen, kunye nokukhula kakubi. I-"thalassemia facies" eqhelekileyo - amathambo acacileyo kunye nebunzi elikhulu - nayo inokukhula.
Iindlela Zonyango lweThalassemia
KwiZiko lezonyango lamazwe ngamazwe le-BIOOCUS, sinikezela ngonyango lwamva nje lwe-thalassemia, oluquka:
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Utofelo-gazi: Utofelo-gazi rhoqo lubalulekile ekulawuleni iintlobo ezinzima ze-thalassemia. Oku kunceda ukugcina amanqanaba e-hemoglobin kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu.
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Unyango lwe-Iron Chelation: Ekubeni utofelo-gazi oluphindaphindwayo lunokubangela ukuba isinyithi sigqithise kakhulu, nto leyo eyonakalisa amalungu omzimba abalulekileyo, unyango lwe-chelation lusetyenziselwa ukususa isinyithi esingaphezulu emzimbeni.
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Ukufakelwa kweeseli zeStem: Kwizigulane ezifanelekileyo, ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem kunika ithuba lokunyanga ngokusisigxina, ingakumbi kwimeko ye-beta-thalassemia major.
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Unyango lweZizalo: Le ndlela intsha isesekwinqanaba lophando kodwa inesithembiso esikhulu sokubonelela ngezisombululo zexesha elide kwizigulane ezine-thalassemia.
Ukuthintela kunye noHlolo
Njengoko i-thalassemia yimeko yemfuza, ukuxilongwa ngaphambi kokukhulelwa kunokunceda abazali baqonde umngcipheko wokudlulisela esi sifo. Uvavanyo lokuhlolwa kwe-alpha kunye ne-beta thalassemia luyafumaneka kwaye lunokunciphisa kakhulu ukuvela kwe-thalassemia kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
KwiZiko lezonyango lamazwe ngamazwe le-BIOOCUS, sikhuthaza kakhulu ukuhlolwa kwe-thalassemia ngaphambi komtshato kunye nokuhlolwa kokukhulelwa, ingakumbi kwizibini ezivela kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu, ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwesi sifo esinokubangela ukuba umntu angakwazi ukuzikhusela.
Kutheni Ukhetha i-BIOOCUS?
IZiko lezonyango lamazwe ngamazwe le-BIOOCUS lizinikele ekuboneleleni ngeendlela zonyango eziphambili kwizigulane ezine-thalassemia. Iqela lethu leengcali zeengcali ze-hematologists, iingcali ze-oncologists, kunye neengcali kwizifo zemfuza lizimisele ukubonelela ngononophelo lomntu ngamnye kunye nonyango lwamva nje lokulawula nokunyanga i-thalassemia ngokufanelekileyo.
Siphambili kuphando lwezonyango kunyango lwe-thalassemia, kwaye indlela yethu yokunyamekela ebanzi iqinisekisa ukuba izigulane azifumani nje kuphela unyango olungcono kodwa nenkxaso yeemvakalelo neyengqondo kulo lonke uhambo lwazo.