Ukwelashwa Nge-Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte (TIL): Indlela Ethembisayo Yokwelashwa Nge-Melanoma

I-Melanoma uhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba oluvela kuma-melanocyte, amangqamuzana anesibopho sokukhiqiza i-melanin, umbala onikeza isikhumba umbala waso. Ibhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo zomdlavuza ezinolaka kakhulu ngenxa yekhono layo lokusabalala kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ngokushesha. Ngenkathi i-melanoma yesigaba sokuqala ingelashwa ngempumelelo ngokususwa ngokuhlinzwa, i-melanoma ethuthukisiwe noma esakazekile iveza izinselele ezinkulu zokwelapha. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha amasosha omzimba ziye zavela njengezinketho zokwelapha ezithembisayo zamacala athuthukile. Enye impumelelo enjalo ukwelashwa kwe-Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte (TIL), okusebenzisa amasosha omzimba omzimba ukuhlasela nokubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza, okunikeza ithemba elisha ezigulini ezine-melanoma yesigaba sokugcina.

Ukwelashwa kwe-tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) kuyindlela entsha yokwelapha nge-immunotherapy esebenzisa amangqamuzana omzimba omzimba ukuhlasela nokubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kuvele njengokwelashwa okuthembisayo kakhulu kwe-melanoma esakazekile, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezingasabeli kahle ekwelashweni okuvamile njengezithiyo zokuhlola amasosha omzimba noma ukwelashwa okuqondiwe.

Indlela Yokwelashwa Kwe-TIL

Ukwelashwa kwe-TIL kuhilela ukukhipha amaseli e-T esimila somuguli, ukuwandisa ngaphandle komzimba, bese ewabuyisela esigulini ngemva kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali aqeda uketshezi emzimbeni. Lawa maseli e-T alungiselelwe ngokwemvelo ukubona nokuhlasela amaseli esimila, ahlinzeka ngokwelashwa okuqondiswe kakhulu. Uma esebuyiselwe emzimbeni, afuna futhi abhubhise amaseli e-melanoma, esizwa ukunikezwa kwe-interleukin-2 (IL-2), okusiza amaseli e-T ukuba asinde futhi ande.

Ucwaningo Olubalulekile kanye Nokutholakele

UVan den Berg nabanye (2020)benze ucwaningo lwesigaba sokuqala/sesibili eNetherlands Cancer Institute bathole ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-TIL kuholele ezimpendulweni eziqinile nezihlala isikhathi eside ezigulini ezine-melanoma esakazekile. Amaphesenti angamashumi amahlanu eziguli abonise impendulo enhle yezokwelapha, kanti ezimbili zithola ukuphumula okuphelele okwathatha iminyaka engaphezu kweyisikhombisa. Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi ama-TIL acebile ngenxa yokusabela okuthile kwe-neoantigen aqhubeka egazini iminyaka eminingi ngemva kokwelashwa, okufaka isandla ekulawulweni komdlavuza wesikhathi eside.

UGastman nabanye (2021)benze isivivinyo se-DELTA-1, esahlola i-ITIL-168, uhlobo lokwelashwa kwe-TIL okuzenzakalelayo, ezigulini ezine-melanoma ethuthukile eseziphinde zabuyela emuva noma ezazingathandi ukwelashwa kwe-checkpoint inhibitor. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi i-ITIL-168 inganikeza inketho yokwelapha esebenzayo ezigulini ezinezinye izinketho ezilinganiselwe. Lolu cwaningo olukhulu lwesigaba II somhlaba wonke lubonise imiphumela emihle, kanti ucwaningo oluqhubekayo lugxile ekuhloleni izinzuzo zesikhathi eside.

URohan nabanye (2018)inikeze isibuyekezo esijulile sokwelashwa kwe-TIL, igcizelela amandla ayo njengokwelashwa okuwusizo kwe-melanoma. Ngisho nasesimweni samanje sezindlela zokwelapha eziqondiwe kanye nezithiyo zokuhlola amasosha omzimba, ukwelashwa kwe-TIL kusasebenza futhi kusebenza kahle, okubonisa imiphumela eqinile ezivivinyweni zemitholampilo. Isibuyekezo sigcizelele ukubaluleka kwezindlela zokuqeda ama-lymphodepleting kanye nokwanda okukhethiwe kwenani labantu be-TIL ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwalokhu kwelashwa.

Izinzuzo kanye Neziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo

Ukwelashwa kwe-TIL kunikeza izinzuzo eziningana ezibalulekile ngaphezu kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha nge-immunotherapy:

• Izimpendulo Ezihlala Isikhathi EsideNjengoba kuboniswe ezifundweni zesikhathi eside, ukwelashwa kwe-TIL kunganikeza ukuphulukiswa okuhlala isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezine-melanoma ethuthukile ezisele nezinketho ezimbalwa zokwelapha.
• Ukungavikeleki Okuqondiwe: Ama-TIL afaneleka ngokukhethekile ukuhlasela amangqamuzana esimila njengoba etholakala esimila sesiguli, okwenza abe acacile kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwawo.
• Inhlanganisela Engenzeka: Ukwelashwa kwe-TIL kunamandla okuhlanganiswa nezinye izindlela zokwelapha nge-immunotherapy noma izindlela zokwelapha eziqondiwe, kuthuthukiswe amazinga okusabela futhi kwandiswe ukusinda okuphelele.

Ukwelashwa kwe-TIL kubonisa intuthuko enkulu ekwelapheni i-melanoma esakazekile, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezingasabeli kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Ngamazinga okusabela aqhubekayo futhi ahlala isikhathi eside, lokhu kwelashwa kunesithembiso sokuba ukwelashwa okujwayelekile maduze. Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo luyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe amasu okukhulisa i-TIL futhi kutholakale iziguli ezingcono kakhulu zalokhu kwelashwa.