Intuthuko Ethuthukisiwe Kumaseli Okubulala Ngokwemvelo (NK) Eminyakeni Engaphezu Kwengu-50
Kusukela imibiko yokuqala yama-lymphocyte abonisa ukubulawa "okungaqondile" kwamaseli esimila ngo-1973, ukuqonda nokubaluleka kwamaseli e-Natural Killer (NK) kuye kwashintsha kakhulu. Ngo-1975, uRolf Kiessling kanye nozakwabo e-Karolinska Institute baqamba igama elithi "Natural Killer" cells, beqokomisa ikhono labo eliyingqayizivele lokuhlasela amaseli esimila ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphandle kokuzwela kwangaphambilini.
Eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu ezayo, amalabhorethri amaningi emhlabeni wonke afunde kabanzi Iseli le-Nks in vitro ukuze kucaciswe indima yazo ekuvikeleni umbungazi ngokumelene nezimila kanye namagciwane abangela izifo, kanye nemisebenzi yazo yokulawula ngaphakathi kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.
Amaseli e-NK: Ama-Lymphocyte Azalwa Nawo Aqalayo
Amaseli e-NK, amalungu okuqala abonakala emndenini we-lymphocyte ozalwa nawo, avikela ezimilaneni kanye namagciwane ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi oqondile we-cytotoxic kanye nokukhiqizwa kwama-cytokines nama-chemokines. Ekuqaleni ayebizwa ngokuthi "amaseli angenalutho" ngenxa yokungabikho kwezimpawu zokuhlonza, ukuthuthuka ekulandeleni kwe-RNA yeseli elilodwa, i-flow cytometry, kanye ne-mass spectrometry kuye kwavumela ukuhlukaniswa okuningiliziwe kwama-subtypes eseli le-NK.
Iminyaka Eyishumi Yokuqala (1973-1982): Ukuthola Ubuthi Obungeyona Eqondile
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1960 nasekuqaleni kwawo-1970 kwabonakala ukuthuthukiswa kokuhlolwa okulula kwe-in vitro ukuze kulinganiswe ubuthi obubangelwa amangqamuzana. Ngo-1974, uHerberman nozakwabo babonisa ukuthi ama-lymphocyte egazi angaphandle avela kubantu abaphilile angabulala amangqamuzana ahlukahlukene e-lymphoma yabantu. UKiessling, uKlein, noWigzell bachaza kabanzi ngokususwa okuzenzakalelayo kwamangqamuzana esimila ngama-lymphocyte avela emagundwini angenazo izimila, beqamba lo msebenzi ngokuthi "ukubulala kwemvelo."
Iminyaka Eyishumi Yesibili (1983-1992): Ukuchazwa Kwezimpawu Ze-Phenotypic kanye Nokuvikelwa Kwegciwane
Phakathi neminyaka yama-1980, ukugxila kwashintshela ekuchazeni amaseli e-NK ngendlela engafani, okwaholela ekuhlonzweni kwezinhlobo ezincane ezinemisebenzi ehlukile. Ngo-1983, ososayensi base bethole izinhlobo ezahlukene zokusebenza zamaseli e-NK abantu. Izifundo ezengeziwe zaqokomisa indima ebalulekile yamaseli e-NK ekuvikeleni ama-herpesvirus, okuboniswa yisiguli esinezifo ezinzima ze-herpesvirus ngenxa yokuntuleka kweseli le-NK elinofuzo.
Iminyaka Eyishumi Lesithathu (1993-2002): Ukuqonda Ama-Receptors Nama-Ligands
Intuthuko ebalulekile ngawo-1990 nasekuqaleni kwawo-2000 yaholela ekuhlonzweni nasekuhlanganisweni kwama-receptor e-NK cell kanye nama-ligand awo. Izinto ezitholakele ezifana ne-NKG2D receptor kanye nama-ligand ayo abangelwa ukucindezeleka zakha isisekelo sokuqonda izindlela zokuqaphela "ezishintshiwe" zamaseli e-NK.
Iminyaka Eyishumi Lesine (2003-2012): Inkumbulo Yeseli le-NK kanye Nelayisensi
Ngokuphambene nemibono yendabuko, izifundo ngawo-2000 zibonise ukuthi amaseli e-NK angabonisa izimpendulo ezifana nenkumbulo. Abacwaningi babonise ukuthi amaseli e-NK angaphatha izimpendulo ezithile ze-antigen futhi athuthukise uhlobo "lwenkumbulo" olufana namaseli omzimba aguquguqukayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwavela umqondo "wokunikeza ilayisense" yamaseli e-NK, uchaza ukuthi ukusebenzisana nama-molecule e-MHC uqobo kungathuthukisa kanjani ukuphendula kwamaseli e-NK.
Ishumi Lesihlanu (2013-Okwamanje): Izicelo Zemitholampilo Nokwehlukahlukana
Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe iqhube ucwaningo lwamaseli e-NK. Ukuhlolwa kwe-cytometry enkulu kanye nokulandelana kwe-RNA yeseli elilodwa kwembule ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kwe-phenotypic phakathi kwamaseli e-NK. Ngokwezokwelapha, amaseli e-NK abonise ithemba ekwelapheni umdlavuza we-hematologic, njengoba kuboniswe ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwamaseli e-CD19 CAR-NK ezigulini ze-lymphoma ngo-2020.
Amathemba Esikhathi Esizayo: Imibuzo Engaphendulwanga kanye Nemibono Emisha
Njengoba ucwaningo luqhubeka, kusasele imibuzo eminingana ethakazelisayo. Amaseli e-NK ayithola kanjani inkumbulo ethize ye-antigen? Ingabe amaseli e-NK angasetshenziswa ukulawula izifo zokuzivikela komzimba? Singanqoba kanjani izinselele ezibangelwa yimvelo encane yesimila ukuze sisebenze ngempumelelo amaseli e-NK? Iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu ezayo ithembisa ukutholakala okujabulisayo nokungalindelekile ku-biology yamaseli e-NK, okunikeza amasu amasha okwelapha umdlavuza kanye Izifo Ezithelelanayo.