Nā Holomua Hou i nā Pūnaewele Killer Kūlohelohe (NK) ma luna o 50 mau makahiki

Mai nā hōʻike mua o nā lymphocytes e hōʻike ana i ka pepehi ʻana i nā cell tumor "non-specific" i ka makahiki 1973, ua loli nui ka ʻike a me ke koʻikoʻi o nā cell Natural Killer (NK). I ka makahiki 1975, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Rolf Kiessling a me nā hoa hana ma ka Karolinska Institute i ka huaʻōlelo "Natural Killer" cell, e hōʻike ana i ko lākou hiki kū hoʻokahi ke hoʻouka koke i nā cell tumor me ka ʻole o ka sensitization mua.

I nā makahiki he kanalima e hiki mai ana, ua hana nā keʻena hoʻokolohua he nui ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i nā noiʻi nui Kelepona Nks in vitro e wehewehe i kā lākou kuleana i ka pale ʻana o ka mea hoʻokipa e kūʻē i nā ʻōpū a me nā microbial pathogens, a me kā lākou mau hana hoʻoponopono i loko o ka ʻōnaehana pale.

Nā Kelepona NK: Nā Lymphocytes Pilikino Paionia

ʻO nā pūnaewele NK, nā lālā mua i hōʻike ʻia o ka ʻohana lymphocyte kūlohelohe, pale aku i nā puʻupuʻu a me nā pathogens ma o ka hana cytotoxic pololei a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā cytokines a me nā chemokines. I ka wā mua i kapa ʻia ʻo "null cells" ma muli o ka nele o nā māka ʻike, nā holomua i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka RNA cell hoʻokahi, ka cytometry kahe, a me ka spectrometry mass ua ʻae i ka hoʻokaʻawale kikoʻī o nā ʻano cell NK.

ʻO ke Au Makahiki Mua (1973-1982): Ke ʻIke ʻana i ka Cytotoxicity Kūikawā ʻole

I ka hopena o nā makahiki 1960 a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 1970, ua ʻike ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hoʻāʻo in vitro maʻalahi e ana i ka cytotoxicity i hoʻopili ʻia e ke kelepona. I ka makahiki 1974, ua hōʻike ʻo Herberman a me nā hoa hana e hiki i nā lymphocytes koko peripheral mai nā kānaka olakino ke pepehi i nā ʻano lymphoma kanaka like ʻole. Ua wehewehe hou ʻo Kiessling, Klein, a me Wigzell i ka lysis spontaneous o nā cell tumor e nā lymphocytes mai nā ʻiole ʻaʻole e lawe ana i ka tumor, e kapa ana i kēia hana "pepehi kanaka maoli."

ʻO ka lua o nā makahiki (1983-1992): ʻAno Phenotypic a me ka pale ʻana i ka viral

I ka makahiki 1980, ua neʻe ke kālele ʻana i ke ʻano phenotypic o nā pūnaewele NK, e alakaʻi ana i ka ʻike ʻana o nā subpopulations me nā hana like ʻole. I ka makahiki 1983, ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema i nā subsets hana like ʻole o nā pūnaewele NK kanaka. Ua hōʻike nā haʻawina hou aku i ke kuleana koʻikoʻi o nā pūnaewele NK i ka pale ʻana i nā herpesviruses, i hōʻike ʻia e kahi mea maʻi me nā maʻi herpesvirus koʻikoʻi ma muli o ka hemahema o nā pūnaewele NK genetic.

ʻO ke kolu o nā makahiki (1993-2002): Ke hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā mea loaʻa a me nā Ligands

ʻO ka holomua koʻikoʻi i nā makahiki 1990 a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 2000 i alakaʻi ai i ka ʻike ʻana a me ke cloning ʻana o nā mea loaʻa pūnaewele NK a me kā lākou mau ligands. ʻO nā ʻike e like me ka mea loaʻa NKG2D a me kāna mau ligands i hoʻoulu ʻia e ke kaumaha i hoʻokumu i kahi kahua no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻano hana ʻike "hoʻololi ʻia" o nā pūnaewele NK.

ʻO ka ʻEhā o nā Makahiki (2003-2012): Ka Hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i nā Kelepona NK a me ka Laikini ʻana

ʻAʻole like me nā manaʻo kuʻuna, ua hōʻike nā haʻawina i nā makahiki 2000 e hiki i nā pūnaewele NK ke hōʻike i nā pane e like me ka hoʻomanaʻo. Ua hōʻike nā kānaka noiʻi e hiki i nā pūnaewele NK ke hoʻoponopono i nā pane kikoʻī antigen a hoʻomohala i kahi ʻano "hoʻomanaʻo" e like me nā pūnaewele pale adaptive. Eia kekahi, ua puka mai ke kumumanaʻo o ka "laikini" pūnaewele NK, e wehewehe ana pehea e hiki ai i nā pilina me nā molekala MHC ponoʻī ke hoʻonui i ka pane ʻana o nā pūnaewele NK.

ʻO ka ʻElima o nā makahiki (2013-I kēia manawa): Nā noi lapaʻau a me nā ʻano like ʻole

I nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala iho nei, ua hoʻokele ka holomua ʻenehana i ka noiʻi ʻana i nā cell NK. Ua hōʻike ka cytometry mass a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka RNA cell hoʻokahi i ka nui o ka ʻokoʻa phenotypic ma waena o nā cell NK. Ma ke ʻano lapaʻau, ua hōʻike nā cell NK i ka manaʻolana no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi hematologic malignancies, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ka hoʻopili pono ʻana o nā cell CD19 CAR-NK i nā poʻe maʻi lymphoma i ka makahiki 2020.

Nā Manaʻolana e hiki mai ana: Nā nīnau i pane ʻole ʻia a me nā ʻaoʻao hou

Ke hoʻomau nei ka noiʻi, aia kekahi mau nīnau hoihoi. Pehea e loaʻa ai i nā pūnaewele NK ka hoʻomanaʻo antigen-specific? Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā pūnaewele NK e kāohi i nā maʻi autoimmune? Pehea e hiki ai iā mākou ke lanakila i nā pilikia i kau ʻia e ka microenvironment tumor e hoʻoulu pono i nā pūnaewele NK? ʻO nā makahiki he kanalima e hiki mai ana e hoʻohiki i nā ʻike hoihoi a me nā mea i manaʻo ʻole ʻia i ka biology cell NK, e hāʻawi ana i nā hoʻolālā therapeutic hou no ka maʻi kanesa a me Nā maʻi lele.