Inkqubela phambili kwiNatural Killer (NK) Cells Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-50
Ukususela kwiingxelo zokuqala zee-lymphocytes ezibonisa ukubulawa "okungangqalanga" kweeseli zethumba ngo-1973, ukuqonda nokubaluleka kweeseli zeNatural Killer (NK) kuye kwanda kakhulu. Ngo-1975, uRolf Kiessling kunye noogxa bakhe kwiKarolinska Institute baqamba igama elithi "Natural Killer" cells, begxininisa amandla abo akhethekileyo okuhlasela iiseli zethumba ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphandle kokuziva kwangaphambili.
Kwiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu ezayo, iilabhoratri ezininzi kwihlabathi liphela ziye zafunda ngokubanzi Iseli yaseNks in vitro ukucacisa indima yazo ekukhuseleni umninimzi kwiithumba kunye neentsholongwane ezibangela iintsholongwane, kunye nemisebenzi yazo yokulawula kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
Iiseli ze-NK: IiLymphocytes Ezizalwa Zintsha
Iiseli ze-NK, amalungu okuqala aziwayo osapho lwe-lymphocyte oluzalwa nalo, zikhusela kwiithumba kunye neentsholongwane ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi othe ngqo we-cytotoxic kunye nokukhupha ii-cytokines kunye nee-chemokines. Ekuqaleni zazibizwa ngokuba "ziiseli ezingenanto" ngenxa yokungabikho kweempawu zokuchonga, ukuqhubela phambili kwi-single-cell RNA sequencing, i-flow cytometry, kunye ne-mass spectrometry kuye kwavumela ukuhlelwa ngokweenkcukacha kwee-subtypes zeseli ze-NK.
Ishumi Lokuqala Leminyaka (1973-1982): Ukufumanisa Ubuthi Obungeyonyani Kwi-Cytotoxicity
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1960 nasekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1970 kwabonakala uphuhliso lwe-in vitro assays elula yokulinganisa ubuthi obubangelwa ziiseli. Ngo-1974, uHerberman kunye noogxa bakhe babonisa ukuba ii-lymphocyte zegazi eziphuma kubantu abaphilileyo zinokubulala iiseli ezahlukeneyo ze-lymphoma zabantu. UKiessling, uKlein, kunye noWigzell bachaza ngakumbi i-lysis ye-tumor cells yi-lymphocytes ezivela kwiimpuku ezingezizo ii-tumor, besithi lo msebenzi "ngukubulala kwendalo."
Ishumi Lesibini Leminyaka (1983-1992): Ukuchazwa Kweempawu Zendalo kunye Nokukhuselwa Kweentsholongwane
Ngexesha leminyaka yoo-1980, ingqwalasela yatshintshela ekubonakalisweni kweeseli ze-NK ngendlela engaqhelekanga, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekuchongweni kwee-subpopulation ezinemisebenzi eyahlukileyo. Ngo-1983, izazinzulu zazichonge ii-subsets ezahlukeneyo ezisebenzayo zeeseli ze-NK zabantu. Izifundo ezongezelelweyo zabonisa indima ebalulekileyo yeeseli ze-NK ekukhuseleni ii-herpesviruses, eziboniswe sisigulana esineentsholongwane ze-herpesvirus ezinzima ngenxa yokusilela kweseli ye-NK yemfuza.
Ishumi Lesithathu Leminyaka (1993-2002): Ukuqonda iiReceptors kunye neeLigands
Inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kwiminyaka yoo-1990 nasekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-2000 ikhokelele ekuchongweni nasekuhlanganisweni kwee-receptors ze-NK cell kunye nee-ligands zazo. Izinto ezifunyenweyo ezifana ne-NKG2D receptor kunye nee-ligands zayo ezibangelwa luxinzelelo zaseka isiseko sokuqonda iindlela zokuqaphela "i-altered-self" zeeseli ze-NK.
Iminyaka Yeshumi Eline (2003-2012): Inkumbulo Yeseli ye-NK kunye NeeLayisensi
Ngokuchasene nembono yesintu, izifundo zeminyaka yoo-2000 zibonise ukuba iiseli ze-NK zinokubonisa iimpendulo ezifana nememori. Abaphandi babonise ukuba iiseli ze-NK zinokulawula iimpendulo ezithile ze-antigen kwaye ziphuhlise uhlobo "lwememori" olufana neeseli zomzimba eziguquguqukayo. Ukongeza, kwavela ingcamango "yokufumana ilayisenisi" yeeseli ze-NK, ichaza indlela ukusebenzisana neemolekyuli ze-MHC ezizimeleyo ezinokuphucula ngayo ukuphendula kweeseli ze-NK.
Ishumi Lesihlanu Leminyaka (2013-Ngoku): Izicelo Zeklinikhi kunye Nokwahluka
Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji luye lwaqhuba uphando lweeseli ze-NK. Ukulandelelana kwe-mass cytometry kunye nokulandelelana kwe-RNA yeseli enye kutyhile ulwahluko olukhulu lwe-phenotypic phakathi kweeseli ze-NK. Ngokwezonyango, iiseli ze-NK zibonise ithemba ekunyangeni umhlaza we-hematologic, njengoko kuboniswe kukusetyenziswa ngempumelelo kweeseli ze-CD19 CAR-NK kwizigulana ze-lymphoma ngo-2020.
Amathemba Exesha Elizayo: Imibuzo Engaphendulwanga kunye neeHorizons Ezintsha
Njengoko uphando luqhubeka, kusasele imibuzo emininzi enomdla. Iiseli ze-NK ziyifumana njani imemori ethile ye-antigen? Ngaba iiseli ze-NK zinokusetyenziswa ukulawula izifo zokuzikhusela komzimba? Singoyisa njani imingeni ebangelwa yimeko-bume yethumba ukuze sisebenze iiseli ze-NK ngokufanelekileyo? Iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu ezayo ithembisa ukufunyanwa okunomdla nokungalindelekanga kwibhayoloji yeeseli ze-NK, okubonelela ngamaqhinga amatsha okunyanga umhlaza kunye Izifo Ezisulelayo.