Iterambere ry'Ingingo z'Ubwicanyi Busanzwe (NK) mu myaka irenga 50 ishize
Kuva raporo ya mbere y’uturemangingo tw’umubiri (lymphocytes) twagaragaje kwica uturemangingo tw’ikibyimba "tutari umwihariko" mu 1973, gusobanukirwa n’akamaro k’uturemangingo tw’umubiri (NK) byateye imbere cyane. Mu 1975, Rolf Kiessling na bagenzi be bo mu kigo cya Karolinska Institute bahimbye ijambo "uturemangingo tw’umubiri w’umubiri w’umuntu utari ikiremwa" bagaragaza ubushobozi bwabo bwihariye bwo kwibasira uturemangingo tw’ikibyimba mu buryo butunguranye nta kubimenya mbere.
Mu myaka mirongo itanu iri imbere, laboratwari nyinshi ku isi yose zakoze ubushakashatsi bwimbitse Nk Cells muri vitro kugira ngo hamenyekane uruhare rwabyo mu kurinda indwara ya kanseri n'udukoko twanduza udukoko, ndetse n'imikorere yabyo mu mikorere y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.
Uturemangingo twa NK: Lymphocytes zivukanwamo za mbere
Uturemangingo twa NK, ari two twa mbere tugize umuryango w’uturemangingo tw’umubiri, twirinda ibibyimba n’udukoko binyuze mu gukora ibikorwa bya cytotoxic no gusohora cytokine na chemokine. Mbere byitwaga "uturemangingo tudafite ibimenyetso" bitewe no kutagira ibimenyetso bidutandukanya, iterambere mu gusesengura RNA y’uturemangingo tubiri, cytometry y’imiyoboro y’amaraso, na spectrometry y’ubwinshi byatumye habaho ishyirwa mu byiciro rirambuye ry’uturemangingo twa NK.
Imyaka icumi ya mbere (1973-1982): Kuvumbura uburozi butari ubwa buri mu bwoko bwa cytotoxicity
Mu mpera za 1960 no mu ntangiriro za 1970, habayeho iterambere ry’ibizamini byoroshye byakozwe muri vitro kugira ngo hapimwe uburozi buterwa n’uturemangingo. Mu 1974, Herberman na bagenzi be bagaragaje ko lymphocytes zo mu maraso zituruka ku bantu bazima zishobora kwica uturemangingo dutandukanye twa lymphocytes z’abantu. Kiessling, Klein, na Wigzell basobanuye uburyo uturemangingo twa kanseri dukorwa n’imbeba zitari zifite kanseri, bise iki gikorwa "kwica bisanzwe."
Imyaka icumi ya kabiri (1983-1992): Imiterere y'ibintu bidasanzwe n'ubwirinzi bwa virusi
Mu myaka ya za 1980, hibanzwe ku miterere y’uturemangingo twa NK, bituma hamenyekana utundi duce dufite imikorere itandukanye. Mu 1983, abahanga mu bya siyansi bari bamaze kubona uduce dutandukanye tw’uturemangingo twa NK tw’abantu. Ubushakashatsi bw’inyongera bwagaragaje uruhare runini rw’uturemangingo twa NK mu kwirinda virusi za herpes, nk’uko byagaragajwe n’umurwayi ufite ubwandu bukomeye bwa herpesvirus bitewe n’ibura ry’uturemangingo twa NK tw’uturemangingo.
Imyaka icumi ya gatatu (1993-2002): Gusobanukirwa Receptors na Ligands
Iterambere rikomeye mu myaka ya 1990 no mu ntangiriro za 2000 ryatumye hamenyekana kandi hakorwa cloning ya NK cell receptors na ligands zazo. Ibyavumbuwe nka NKG2D receptor na ligands zayo ziterwa n'stress byashinze urufatiro rwo gusobanukirwa uburyo "bwahinduwe" bwa NK cells.
Imyaka icumi ya kane (2003-2012): Kwibuka no gutanga impushya ku turemangingo twa NK
Bitandukanye n'uko byari bisanzwe, ubushakashatsi bwo mu myaka ya 2000 bwagaragaje ko uturemangingo twa NK dushobora kugaragaza ibisubizo bisa n'iby'urwibutso. Abashakashatsi bagaragaje ko uturemangingo twa NK dushobora kuba urwego rw'ibisubizo byihariye bya antigen no guteza imbere ubwoko bwa "memory" nk'uturemangingo tw'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri duhinduka. Byongeye kandi, igitekerezo cyo "guha uburenganzira" uturemangingo twa NK, gisobanura uburyo imikoranire n'uturemangingo twa MHC ubwacu ishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo gusubiza uturemangingo twa NK.
Imyaka icumi ya gatanu (2013-Ubu): Ikoreshwa mu buvuzi n'ubutandukanye
Mu myaka icumi ishize, iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryatumye habaho ubushakashatsi ku turemangingo twa NK. Ubushakashatsi ku miterere y’uturemangingo twinshi (Mass cytometry) no gukurikirana RNA y’uturemangingo twinshi byagaragaje itandukaniro rikomeye hagati y’uturemangingo twa NK. Mu buvuzi, uturemangingo twa NK twagaragaje icyizere mu kuvura kanseri y’amaraso, nk’uko byagaragajwe n’ikoreshwa ryiza rya CD19 CAR-NK mu barwayi ba lymphoma mu 2020.
Ibyiringiro by'ejo hazaza: Ibibazo Bidasubizwa n'Imigambi Mishya
Uko ubushakashatsi bukomeza, haracyari ibibazo byinshi bishishikaje. Ni gute selile za NK zibona ubuka bwihariye bwa antigen? Ese selile za NK zishobora gukoreshwa mu kurwanya indwara ziterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri? Ni gute twatsinda imbogamizi ziterwa n’ibizinga by’uturemangingo kugira ngo turusheho gukora neza selile za NK? Imyaka mirongo itanu iri imbere irasezeranya kuvumbura ibintu bishimishije kandi bitunguranye mu binyabuzima by’uturemangingo twa NK, bitanga ingamba nshya zo kuvura kanseri na Indwara zandura.