Kev Txhim Kho Tshiab hauv Cov Qog Tua Neeg Ntuj (NK) Tshaj 50 Xyoo
Txij li thaum thawj cov ntawv ceeb toom txog cov lymphocytes uas qhia tias "tsis tshwj xeeb" tua cov hlwb qog hauv xyoo 1973, kev nkag siab thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Natural Killer (NK) cells tau hloov zuj zus tuaj. Xyoo 1975, Rolf Kiessling thiab cov npoj yaig ntawm Karolinska Institute tau hais txog lo lus "Natural Killer cells", qhia txog lawv lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb los tawm tsam cov hlwb qog yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ua ntej.
Tau tsib caug xyoo tom ntej no, ntau lub chaw soj nstuam thoob ntiaj teb tau tshawb nrhiav ntau yam Nk Cells hauv vitro los piav qhia lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tiv thaiv tus tswv tsev tiv thaiv cov qog thiab cov kab mob me me, nrog rau lawv cov haujlwm tswj hwm hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
NK Cells: Cov Lymphocytes Uas Muaj Txij Nkawm
Cov hlwb NK, thawj cov tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg lymphocyte uas muaj txij thaum yug los, tiv thaiv cov qog nqaij hlav thiab cov kab mob los ntawm kev ua haujlwm cytotoxic ncaj qha thiab kev tso tawm ntawm cytokines thiab chemokines. Chiv thawj hu ua "null cells" vim tsis muaj cov cim qhia txog kev txheeb xyuas, kev nce qib hauv kev txheeb xyuas RNA ib lub hlwb, kev ntsuas cytometry ntws, thiab kev ntsuas qhov hnyav tau tso cai rau kev faib tawm ntawm cov subtypes NK cell.
Xyoo caum thawj zaug (1973-1982): Tshawb pom qhov tsis tshwj xeeb Cytotoxicity
Xyoo 1960s lig thiab xyoo 1970s thaum ntxov tau pom kev tsim cov kev sim yooj yim hauv vitro los ntsuas cov cytotoxicity uas cuam tshuam nrog cov hlwb. Xyoo 1974, Herberman thiab cov npoj yaig tau ua pov thawj tias cov lymphocytes ntshav ntawm cov tib neeg noj qab haus huv tuaj yeem tua ntau yam hlwb lymphoma tib neeg. Kiessling, Klein, thiab Wigzell tau piav qhia ntxiv txog kev lysis ntawm cov hlwb qog los ntawm lymphocytes los ntawm cov nas uas tsis muaj qog, hu ua qhov kev ua ub no "kev tua neeg ntuj."
Xyoo caum thib ob (1983-1992): Kev piav qhia txog tus cwj pwm thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob
Thaum xyoo 1980, qhov kev tsom mus rau qhov kev piav qhia txog cov phenotypic ntawm cov hlwb NK, ua rau muaj kev txheeb xyuas cov subpopulations nrog cov haujlwm sib txawv. Los ntawm xyoo 1983, cov kws tshawb fawb tau txheeb xyuas cov subsets sib txawv ntawm tib neeg cov hlwb NK. Cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv tau hais txog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlwb NK hauv kev tiv thaiv cov kab mob herpes, piv txwv los ntawm tus neeg mob uas muaj kab mob herpes loj heev vim yog qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov hlwb NK.
Xyoo caum thib peb (1993-2002): Nkag siab txog Receptors thiab Ligands
Kev vam meej tseem ceeb hauv xyoo 1990 thiab thaum ntxov xyoo 2000s ua rau muaj kev txheeb xyuas thiab cloning ntawm NK cell receptors thiab lawv cov ligands. Kev tshawb pom xws li NKG2D receptor thiab nws cov ligands uas ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab tau tsim lub hauv paus rau kev nkag siab txog NK cell 'hloov tus kheej' cov txheej txheem lees paub.
Xyoo caum plaub (2003-2012): NK Cell Nco thiab Daim Ntawv Tso Cai
Tsis zoo li cov kev xav ib txwm muaj, kev tshawb fawb xyoo 2000s tau qhia tias cov hlwb NK tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev teb zoo li kev nco qab. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau qhia tias cov hlwb NK tuaj yeem ua rau cov lus teb tshwj xeeb rau antigen thiab tsim ib hom "kev nco qab" zoo li cov hlwb tiv thaiv kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tswv yim ntawm NK hlwb "kev tso cai" tau tshwm sim, piav qhia txog kev sib cuam tshuam nrog cov molecules MHC tus kheej tuaj yeem txhim kho kev teb ntawm NK hlwb.
Xyoo caum thib tsib (2013-Tam sim no): Kev Siv Kho Mob thiab Kev Sib Txawv
Nyob rau kaum xyoo dhau los, kev nce qib hauv thev naus laus zis tau tsav kev tshawb fawb txog NK cell. Kev ntsuas cytometry thiab kev txheeb xyuas RNA ntawm ib lub cell tau qhia txog ntau yam phenotypic diversity ntawm NK cell. Hauv kev kho mob, NK cell tau pom tias muaj kev cia siab hauv kev kho mob hematologic malignancies, raws li tau pom los ntawm kev siv CD19 CAR-NK cell zoo hauv cov neeg mob lymphoma xyoo 2020.
Kev Cia Siab Yav Tom Ntej: Cov Lus Nug Tsis Tau Teb thiab Cov Qab Ntuj Tshiab
Thaum kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv mus, muaj ntau lo lus nug txaus nyiam tseem tshuav. Cov hlwb NK tau txais lub cim xeeb tshwj xeeb rau antigen li cas? Cov hlwb NK puas tuaj yeem siv los tswj cov kab mob autoimmune? Peb yuav ua li cas kov yeej cov teeb meem uas tshwm sim los ntawm qhov chaw ib puag ncig ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav kom ua kom cov hlwb NK ua haujlwm tau zoo? Tsib caug xyoo tom ntej no cog lus tias yuav muaj kev tshawb pom zoo siab thiab tsis tau xav txog hauv NK cell biology, muab cov tswv yim kho mob tshiab rau mob qog noj ntshav thiab Cov Kab Mob Sib Kis.