Kalubalen da ke tattare da Magance Cutar Fungal Mai Cike da Ciwo a Marasa Lafiyar Jini: Bayani daga ASH 2024
A taron shekara-shekara na 66 na Ƙungiyar Nazarin Cututtukan Jini ta Amurka (ASH) a shekarar 2024, Farfesa Sun Yuqian daga Asibitin Jama'a na Jami'ar Peking ya gabatar da wani muhimmin bincike kan cututtukan fungal masu saurin yaduwa (bIFD) ga marasa lafiya da aka yi wa dashen ƙwayoyin halittar jini na allogeneic (allo-HSCT) a China. An buga wannan binciken, wanda aka gudanar a asibitoci 12, a cikin mujallar hukuma ta Cututtukan da ke Yaɗuwa Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Amurka,Cututtukan Kwayar cuta na Asibiti (CID).
Binciken, wanda aka sani da binciken CAESAR 2.0, ya mayar da hankali kan manya 2,015 da suka karɓi allo-HSCT daga Janairu zuwa Disamba 2021. Ya bayyana cewa kashi 76.08% na marasa lafiya sun sami rigakafin fungal, musamman voriconazole (44.37%) da posaconazole (31.71%). Duk da yawan amfani da waɗannan magungunan fungal, binciken ya gano cewa yawan kamuwa da cututtukan fungal (IFD) a kowace shekara ya kai kashi 6.3%, tare da yawan mace-mace da ake dangantawa da 48.28%. An gano Candida, Aspergillus, da sauran fungi a matsayin manyan ƙwayoyin cuta da ke da alhakin kamuwa da cututtuka.
Farfesa Sun ya kuma yi magana game da ƙalubalen asibiti da ke tattare da gano da kuma magance cutar bIFD a cikin marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar kansar jini. IFD na ci gaba yana faruwa ne yayin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke rikitar da ganewar asali da magani. Saboda rashin ma'anar da aka tsara, yawan kamuwa da cutar bIFD ya bambanta sosai, daga 1% zuwa 42%. Wannan rashin jituwa yana sa ya yi wuya a kafa ka'idojin ganewar asali da ka'idojin magani masu daidaito.
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen da Farfesa Sun ya bayyana shi ne sarkakiyar abubuwan da ke haifar da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar biIFD, waɗanda suka haɗa da tsawaitar neutropenia, amfani da steroid, da kuma tsawaita amfani da magungunan rigakafi da yawa. Bugu da ƙari, magungunan antifungal da ake amfani da su don rigakafi ba koyaushe suke rufe cikakken nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta ba, kuma nau'ikan fungal da ke tasowa na iya guje wa gano su saboda raguwar saurin kamuwa da cutar a gwaje-gwajen ganewar asali kamar gwaje-gwajen PCR da GM.
Farfesa Sun ya jaddada muhimmancin maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da wuri, musamman ga marasa lafiya masu haɗarin kamuwa da cuta waɗanda ke nuna alamun kamuwa da cuta. Ya ba da shawarar cewa a fara maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta nan da nan ga marasa lafiya masu fama da rashin lafiya mai tsanani waɗanda ake zargin suna da cutar BIFD, ko da kafin a sami sakamakon dakin gwaje-gwaje. Ya kuma ba da shawarar amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda suka bambanta da tsarin rigakafi don haɓaka ingancin maganin.
Sakamakon binciken CAESAR 2.0 ya nuna buƙatar inganta dabarun magance haɗarin IFD ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da allo-HSCT da kuma buƙatar gaggawa don gano cutar da wuri da kuma shiga tsakani. Kamar yadda Farfesa Sun ya kammala, yayin da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da ake da su ke ci gaba da taka muhimmiyar rawa, haɓaka sabbin hanyoyin magani da kayan aikin bincike yana da matuƙar muhimmanci don inganta sakamakon marasa lafiya. Magungunan da ke tasowa, kamar su Maganin rigakafi da kuma sabbin magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, na iya samar da sabuwar fata ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da waɗannan cututtukan da ke barazana ga rayuwa.
Wannan bincike mai zurfi kan biIFD ya nuna ƙalubalen da likitoci ke fuskanta wajen sarrafa cututtukan fungal a cikin marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar kansar jini, kuma yana nuna matuƙar buƙatar ci gaba da ci gaba a cikin dabarun rigakafi da magani.