Nasarar Cutar Kariya Daga Cututtukan Kai-tsaye na Yara: Maganin CAR-T Cell yana warkar da majinyacin Lupus

A watan Yunin 2023, Uresa mai shekaru 15 ta sami maganin ƙwayoyin cuta na CAR-T a Asibitin Jami'ar Erlangen, wanda hakan ya zama karo na farko da aka yi amfani da wannan sabuwar hanyar magance cutar lupus erythematosus (SLE), wata cuta mai tsanani da ke shafar garkuwar jiki. Shekara guda bayan haka, Uresa ta ji kamar tana da lafiya kamar da, ban da wasu ƙananan mura.

Uresa ita ce jariri na farko da aka yi wa magani don SLE Maganin rigakafi a Cibiyar Nazarin Jiki ta Jamus (DZI) ta Jami'ar Erlangen. An buga nasarar wannan magani na musamman a cikin The Lancet.

Dr. Tobias Krickau, likitan rheumatologist na yara a Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Yara da Matasa na Asibitin Jami'ar Erlangen, ya bayyana keɓancewar amfani da ƙwayoyin CAR-T don magance cutar. Cututtukan da ke da Nauyin KaiA da, an amince da maganin CAR-T ne kawai ga wasu cututtukan daji na jini da suka ci gaba.

Bayan duk wasu magunguna sun kasa shawo kan matsalar SLE da ke ƙara ta'azzara a Uresa, ƙungiyar masu binciken ta fuskanci wata shawara mai ƙalubale: ya kamata a yi amfani da waɗannan ƙwayoyin garkuwar jiki da aka ƙera ga yaro mai cutar kansa? Amsar ba ta taɓa faruwa ba, domin babu wanda ya taɓa yin ƙoƙarin maganin CAR-T don cututtukan kansar yara a da.

Maganin ƙwayoyin CAR-T ya ƙunshi cire wasu ƙwayoyin garkuwar jiki na majiyyaci (T cells), samar musu da masu karɓar antigen na chimeric (CAR) a cikin wani dakin gwaje-gwaje na musamman, sannan a sake haɗa waɗannan ƙwayoyin da aka gyara cikin majiyyaci. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin CAR-T suna yawo a cikin jini, suna kai hari da lalata ƙwayoyin B masu aiki da kansu (masu cutarwa).

Alamomin Uresa sun fara ne a kaka ta 2022, ciki har da ciwon kai, gajiya, ciwon gaɓɓai da tsoka, da kuma kurajen fuska—alamomin da suka fi kama da na lupus. Duk da magani mai tsanani, yanayinta ya tabarbare, wanda ya shafi kodan ta kuma haifar da matsaloli masu tsanani.

A farkon shekarar 2023, bayan an kwantar da ita a asibiti da kuma yi mata magani da dama, ciki har da maganin rage radadi na garkuwar jiki da kuma musayar jini a cikin jini, yanayin Uresa ya tabarbare har ta kai ga bukatar a yi mata dialysis. Bayan ta rabu da abokai da 'yan uwa, ingancin rayuwarta ya ragu.

Ƙungiyar likitoci a Jami'ar Erlangen, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Farfesa Mackensen, sun amince su samar da ƙwayoyin CAR-T don maganin Uresa bayan tattaunawa mai zurfi. An fara amfani da wannan maganin CAR-T ta hanyar tausayi a ƙarƙashin dokar magunguna da ƙa'idojin amfani da tausayi na Jamus.

Shirin maganin ƙwayoyin cuta na CAR-T da ke Erlangen, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Farfesa Georg Schett da Farfesa Mackensen, yana kula da marasa lafiya da ke fama da cututtuka daban-daban na garkuwar jiki, ciki har da SLE, tun daga shekarar 2021. Nasarar da suka samu da marasa lafiya 15 an buga su a cikin Jaridar New England Journal of Medicine a watan Fabrairun 2024, kuma a halin yanzu suna gudanar da binciken CASTLE tare da mahalarta 24, duk suna nuna ci gaba mai mahimmanci.

Domin shirya wa maganin ƙwayoyin CAR-T, Uresa ta yi amfani da ƙananan allurai na chemotherapy don samar da sarari ga ƙwayoyin CAR-T da ke cikin jininta. A ranar 26 ga Yuni, 2023, Uresa ta karɓi ƙwayoyin CAR-T na musamman. A mako na uku bayan an yi mata magani, aikin koda da alamun lupus sun inganta, kuma alamunta sun ɓace a hankali.

Tsarin maganin ya ƙunshi haɗin kai mai kyau don tabbatar da ingancin maganin chemotherapy da kuma kare sauran aikin koda. Uresa ya sami ƙananan sakamako kaɗan kuma an sallame shi a rana ta 11 bayan magani.

A ƙarshen watan Yulin 2023, Uresa ta dawo gida, ta kammala jarrabawarta, kuma ta kafa sabbin manufofi don makomarta, ciki har da zama mai zaman kanta da kuma samun kare. Ta yi farin cikin sake haɗuwa da abokai da kuma ci gaba da rayuwa ta yau da kullun a cikin ƙuruciya.

Farfesa Mackensen ya bayyana cewa Uresa har yanzu tana da adadi mai yawa na ƙwayoyin CAR-T a cikin jininta, wanda ke nufin tana buƙatar allurar rigakafi ta wata-wata har sai ƙwayoyin B ɗinta sun warke. Dr. Krickau ya jaddada cewa nasarar maganin Uresa ya faru ne saboda haɗin gwiwa tsakanin fannoni daban-daban na likitanci a Cibiyar Kula da Lafiyar Jiki ta Jamus.

Uresa ba ta buƙatar magani ko dialysis, kuma kodan ta sun warke gaba ɗaya. Dr. Krickau da tawagarsa suna shirin ƙarin bincike don bincika yuwuwar ƙwayoyin CAR-T wajen magance wasu cututtukan da ke shafar garkuwar jiki na yara.

Wannan lamari mai muhimmanci ya nuna yuwuwar maganin ƙwayoyin CAR-T don samar da sassauci na dogon lokaci ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da garkuwar jiki kamar SLE. Nasarar maganin Uresa ya nuna mahimmancin shiga tsakani da wuri da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin fannoni daban-daban. Ana buƙatar ƙarin nazarin asibiti don tabbatar da aminci da ingancin maganin ƙwayoyin CAR-T na dogon lokaci ga yara masu fama da cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da garkuwar jiki.